Has a clear separation and Each segment with its own workflows, priorities, and goals. Customers struggling to achieve outcomes (e.g., standard product outputs are not domain customized).

Primarily work on FTE based model from a low-cost location. The engagement structures make clients bear the risk of volume fluctuations, hence limited scalability and incentive for new-age technology introduction.

Requirement for customer proximity, cultural and language similarity lead to set up of new centers in different geographies in lower-cost labor markets. However, it comes with operational complexity, high cost and High geopolitical & economic risks

is a volume and headcount play. Operations are rigid as scaling up or down takes time due to hiring, training, and compliance requirements

where caution is the default behavior. Top-down structures stand in the way of agility because they restrict the pace of decision making

with one-size-fits-all approach often fails to engage employees or address their unique skill gaps in the time of five generations of workforce

are limited, and organizations focuses on mimicking human capabilities with workflow automation or AI based improvements. Separate systems of record, intelligence and engagement

with point solutions only which are disjointed and hurt efficiency. Comprehensive solutioning to the problem is missed and the end customer value is low

where risk capped by service credits for the provider, but risk ownership is mostly with the client. This models are rigid and lack adaptability, especially in industries where requirements may evolve